Перелік умовних позначень  6
Від автора  7

Висновки  269
Abstract  274

Maryna Mishchenko
Protection of cultural heritage objects in new social realities: changing concepts and searching for perspectives

Maryna Mishchenko’s monograph «Protection of cultural heritage objects in new social realities: changing concepts and the search for perspectives» was written within the framework of the fundamental scientific topic of the Institute of Cultural Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine «Cultural dimension of cultural heritage preservation: status, prospects and innovations».

Based on the analysis of scientific sources, provisions of national and international legislation in the field of cultural heritage protection, empirical material, the book comprehensively examines the issue of cultural heritage protection in new social realities.

The work contains a consistent definition of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the national sphere of cultural heritage protection at the general and special levels, the disclosure of the modern essence-role perception of cultural heritage objects in the socio-cultural space, as well as practical components of cultural heritage protection in the modern period.

Cultural heritage is not only a fundamental basis, but also a guarantee of further development and transformations of culture in the system of establishing national identity at the level of the entire Ukrainian society. Today, its important role and world significance no longer cause doubts and objections. However, this understanding was finally formed in the minds of most Ukrainians and representatives of the authorities relatively recently – already during a full-scale invasion, when we suffered tragic losses. The enemy has not only already destroyed and damaged a significant number of immovable monuments of the cultural heritage of Ukraine, but also continues to illegally export material cultural values, which for the most part do not even have analogues, outside the borders of our country. in the treasury of Ukraine. world cultural heritage.

It is obvious that even in the absence of threats of a military nature, the protection of cultural heritage is the most vulnerable area in the system of national culture. It is subject to external destructive influences, since quite often effective monument protection decisions are made at the intersection of opposing interests – the state, interested public associations and business entities. In addition, there is a general reluctance to implement innovations widely recognized by the world community. At the same time, meaningful, institutional and legal protection of cultural heritage has significant shortcomings. This can affect not only its implementation, but also the general state of the humanitarian sphere, the patriotic education of the younger generation and the formation of national self-awareness of Ukrainians.

For a long time, issues of protection of cultural heritage remain a field of scientific interest not only for historians and cultural scientists, but also for researchers of other humanities and those social sciences that are clearly far from culture and art. For example, it is jurisprudence, public administration, economics. On the one hand, the described situation contributed to the creation of many publications of a scientific and popular science nature, and on the other hand, it actually led to the absence of a comprehensive research approach to the consideration of these issues. And this is quite obvious, since representatives of various fields mostly focused only on individual components, thus trying to solve their own research tasks.

Thus, a paradoxical situation has developed at the national level, when there is a significant number of publications devoted to various aspects of cultural heritage protection, but there is a lack of thorough fundamental studies of the cultural aspects of the monument protection activities of modern humanitarians. sphere of Ukraine.

In this monograph, on the basis of scientific and empirical material, an attempt is made to form a holistic vision of modern protection of cultural heritage as a holistic phenomenon. And in the future – a balanced system that will cover the activities of not only individual subjects, but also the entire Ukrainian society in the effort to preserve the national identity and its own place in the world cultural space, determined by the historical context and the importance of unique achievements.

Initially, in the context of work on this text as an important part of the fundamental scientific research «Cultural dimension of monument protection activities: state, prospects and innovations», the task of detailed consideration of the practical manifestation of cultural heritage protection in conditions of aggressive war was not specifically outlined.

Therefore, the task was set to investigate the specifics of the protection of cultural heritage objects and other important tangential issues of the protection of monuments both in the period preceding the full-scale invasion and after the official introduction of a special legal regime in Ukraine and the deployment of further active hostilities.

Emphasis in the title and text of the monograph on cultural heritage objects in no way means that the issue of cultural heritage protection is investigated exclusively in accordance with the definition and essence of this concept in the current Law of Ukraine «On the Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects». In accordance with this, as well as based on the provisions of previously ratified international documents in the field of cultural heritage protection, a broader interpretation was used. Therefore, the work deals not only with the study of the specifics of cultural aspects of the protection of cultural heritage objects as immovable monuments, but also with related cultural values and other movable things.

The acceleration of digitization and digital transformation of modern Ukrainian society has not bypassed the sphere of culture in general and the protection of cultural heritage in particular. This led to the use as empirical material of a sample of information from the official websites of specially authorized cultural heritage protection institutions and some museums of Kyiv.

The practical significance of this study is determined by the fact that, along with the author’s proposals and well-founded ideas on this issue, it identifies a number of problems and promising directions that were not fully disclosed in the text, but require further scientific development in particular in the context of the strengthening of European integration processes and the future post- war reconstruction of Ukraine. It is about the adaptation of material monuments of the past to the realities of the present; practical aspects and methods of digitizing cultural heritage objects depending on their types; understanding and using the international experience of protecting monuments damaged as a result military aggression; real participation of communities in modern monument protection activities.